Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LOW PRESSURE TECHNOLOGIES
III. CLASSROOM EXPERIMENTS IN VACUUM
Demonstration 1: Expanding Balloon
Demonstration 2: Falling Feather
Demonstration 3: Transmission of Sound
IV. VACUUM PUMP
CHARACTERISTICS
A. Operating Range
B. Pumping Speed
Experiment #1: Pumpdown Characteristics
V. DEVELOPING AND WORKING WITH MODELS
A. Role of Model (Powerpoint Presentation)
B. Skelton Model of Exponential Decay
C. Applications of the Exponential Model
D. Empirical Model Examples
Experiment #2: Weight to Separate Vacuum Plates
Experiment #3: Altitude to Pressure Correlation
Vl. GAS PHASE MODELS
A. The Ideal Gas Law (a model for gas behavior)
B. Boyle's Law
Experiment #4: Gas Invarience to PV Product
C. Polytropic Process
Vll. MULTIPHASE BEHAVIOR
A. Latent Heat of Vaporization
Demonstration #4: Latent Heat of Vaporization
B. Latent Heat of Sublimation
VIII. WORK & ENERGY ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
A. Adiabatic Expansion
Demonstration #5: Adiabatic Expansion of Moist Air
B. Heat and Work as Energy Forms
IX. Environmental Engineering Applications
A. Industrial Wastewater Treatment
B. Groundwater/Soil Remediation
C Active Landfill Gas Recovery
D. Waste Reduction
E. High Pressure AApplication
X. APPENDIX
Appendix A - Mean Free Path
Appendix B - Mechanical Pump Operation
Appendix C - Total Pressure Gauges
Appendix D- Additional Demonstrations/Experiments
Appendix E - Additional References
Appendix F - Units and Vacuum Formulas
Appendix G - Conversion Factors
Appendix H - Units of Pressure
Appendix I - Pump and Vacuum Precautions
Appendix J - Vacuum Pump Maintenance
Appendix K - Hand Held Vacuum Plates